Utah seeks to 'maintain' Great Salt Lake levels after it peaks below some projections (2024)
Editor's note: This article is published through the Great Salt Lake Collaborative, a solutions journalism initiative that partners news, education and media organizations to help inform people about the plight of the Great Salt Lake.
SALT LAKE CITY — It appears that the Great Salt Lake's levels have peaked for the year and, if that's the case, the lake's southern arm still reached its highest level in five years but will end up lower than some projections and expectations from this year's above-normal snowpack.
The Great Salt Lake Commissioner's Office believes that the lake may have reached its spring runoff peak before it — and other bodies of water across the state — begin to recede over the summer. Its southern arm is currently listed at about 4,195 feet elevation after it briefly reached a daily average of 4,195.2 feet.
The anticipated peak is about 3 feet below the lake's minimum healthy level and about a half-foot below what Great Salt Lake deputy commissioner Tim Davis had hoped for this year.
"I would love to continue to see it come up," he said, in a briefing with reporters on Wednesday. "This is a good example of why we need to continue to work to get more water to the lake every year. ... We all need to be conserving water, dedicating it to the lake and getting it there."
The Great Salt Lake made big strides last year after falling to a record low of 4,188.5 feet elevation in 2022. Its southern arm rose to a high of 4,194.1 feet last year because of Utah's record snowpack and because the state strategically raised the berm between its northern arm to help improve salinity levels for the southern arm's ecosystem.
The lake made more gains from this year's snowpack. While not as much as 2023, the Great Salt Lake Basin's average snowpack peaked at 23.2 inches of snow water equivalent — 3.6 inches above the median average. It also helped that most of the reservoirs within the basin remained close to full after last year's peak, so the lake benefited from controlled releases that aimed to reduce flood risks this year.
Natural Resources Conservation Service projected that the lake would at least reach 4,195 feet elevation this year, but wetter conditions in March put the lake on track to possibly reach 4,196 feet elevation. However, Jordan Clayton, a hydrologist and director of the Utah Snow Survey, advised that the projections didn't account for water diversions or factors that could impact spring snowmelt efficiency — or that water was flowing back into the northern arm above the berm, slowing down the southern arm's rise.
With only about 5% of the peak left to melt, hotter temperatures in the forecast and the irrigation season well underway, the lake's southern arm likely maxed out 1 foot above last year's peak. Its northern arm — at 4,191.9 feet elevation on Wednesday — is more than 2½ feet above where it was exactly a year ago.
Although it's not as high as Davis had hoped, he said it's still welcomed progress.
Great Salt Lake Commissioner's Office officials list 4,195 feet elevation as an intermediate goal in getting the lake back to healthy levels for its ecosystem. Great Salt Lake Commissioner Brian Steed said last month that it's a "significant" level because it's the beginning of the "transitionary zone" where adverse effects aren't as dire as two years ago.
Now that at least half of the lake is there, Davis said the office and other state entities are now focusing their attention on keeping as much of this year's gains moving forward.
"We're hoping that the lake level will maintain for as long as it can before beginning to fall," he said.
The lake normally loses about 2 feet over the summer months and the first half of fall. With hotter and drier-than-normal conditions forecast for this summer, the lake could lose more than that.
In addition to trying to secure water rights that are directed toward the lake, the commissioner's office provided a few updates to efforts to improve water flow into the lake:
Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands is working on an update to its Great Salt Lake management plan. It's also started the process of designing a possible new causeway breach between the two lake arms.
Utah Division of Water Resources is working to meter all secondary water sources in the basin. It's also working to implement its new Great Salt Lake Basin Integrated Plan.
Utah Division of Water Rights is working on a "gaps analysis" with Utah State University to get better water data throughout the basin.
Utah Division of Water Quality is working on a new "salinity limit" for discharges into the Great Salt Lake.
Utah Division of Air Quality is monitoring dust around the lake.
State water managers said last month that they will also continue to push water conservation and agricultural water optimization efforts to help the state become more efficient with its water use.
"Those last two good water years have bought us time to take actions to make sure we get the lake to a healthy range and sustain it there," Davis said. "We can't rely upon Mother Nature to give us great snowpack every year."
We are working together to preserve and protect this critical resource. The Great Salt Lake is the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth largest in the world – boasting a rich web of relationships between people, land, water, food and survival.
Currently, the lake is at 4,194.5 feet above sea level. That's 1.5 feet from the tail-end of its healthy range of 4,196 to 4,200 feet. However, it's important to note the NRCS thinks it's most likely the lake will rise by just under a foot.
Berm Modifications. A railway causeway divides the lake into two arms. The berm was raised in February 2023 to help keep the super salty north arm water from flowing into the south arm.
Although a second winter of above-average snowpack provided improvements to conditions on the lake and its surrounding wetlands and brought Great Salt Lake water levels closer to that healthy range, the long-term trends remain alarming.
Another major problem is that the bottom of the lake contains pollutants such as arsenic, lead, and mercury. If the lake were to dry up, the winds would pick up these pollutants and bring them into the city, causing major concerns for human health.
But in January 2023, scientists at Brigham Young University, a Mormon institution, issued a report containing a dire warning: “The lake as we know it is on track to disappear in five years.” Since 1850, it has lost more than 70 percent of its water and 60 percent of its surface area, mostly because people are sucking ...
The best place to swim or float in the lake is at Antelope Island State Park, where white oolitic sand beaches provide easy access to the lake without the brine flies that are prevalent on other areas of the shoreline.
Utah's mountains have many minerals and salts in them. As rain water and snow melt run down the mountains, minerals and salts are eroded and eventually end up in the Great Salt Lake. Since the lake is a terminal lake, the only way water can leave is through evaporation, leaving the salt and minerals behind.
SALT LAKE CITY — Only about a year and a half removed from hitting its lowest level in recorded history, the Great Salt Lake has reached its highest level since 2017. The lake now sits at 4,195.1 feet above sea level — more than 6.5 feet higher than its all-time historic low of 4,188.5 feet registered in late 2022.
While water augmentation is often discussed (pipelines, cloud seeding, new reservoirs, and groundwater extraction, etc.), conservation is the only way to provide adequate water in time to save Great Salt Lake33,38–41.
The lake normally covers about 1,600 square miles, but it has shrunk to about half that size in recent years. Receding waters have proven disastrous for lake-based industries as well. Sailboats and rescue ships can't launch from marinas. Mineral companies can't reach the lake's brine.
In 2021, after years of sustained drought and increased water diversion upstream of the lake, it fell to its lowest recorded area at 950 square miles (2,500 km2), falling below the previous low set in 1963. Continued shrinkage could turn the lake into a bowl of toxic dust, poisoning the air around Salt Lake City (cf.
Utah ended the 2023 water year on Sept. 30 with 39.7” of accumulated precipitation at our SNOTEL sites, which was 136% of normal and around the 83rd percentile. Our water year total was 10.4” greater than the 2022 water year.
The Great Salt Lake is an ecosystem of regional, national and global importance for migratory birds. Over 7 million migratory birds stop at the lake each year to feed, nest, and rest. The lake is alive! Bacteria, algae, zooplankton, brine shrimp, and brine flies form an important food web.
As of May 1, all of Utah's major watersheds were 90% of normal precipitation or above for the 2024 water year, with the northern Utah basins faring the best. Streams are flowing at 89% of normal to above-normal levels. This widespread positive trend enhances the resilience of Utah's water systems.
The Jordan River begins at the north end of Utah Lake in Saratoga Springs, and winds through Salt Lake County before it empties into the Great Salt Lake in Farmington Bay.
The Great Salt Lake's water level is influenced by precipitation, temperature, evaporation and runoff. It is a terminal basin, meaning it has no outlet, and once water arrives in the lake, it stays until it evaporates. So less water reaching the lake will, over time, ensure a smaller lake.
The latest water supply report for Utah released earlier this week puts statewide reservoir storage at 87% capacity, the fullest the reservoirs have been since June 2020.
Introduction: My name is Frankie Dare, I am a funny, beautiful, proud, fair, pleasant, cheerful, enthusiastic person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.
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